Monday, June 30, 2008

Sony Stakes Claim in Living Room Electronics Battle

A week ago, at Sony’s () annual meeting, Howard Stringer said the company’s top priority was “to restore profitability in [the] television and game businesses,” both of which lost money during the last fiscal year. Thursday, Sony began to publicly outline their blueprint for making that happen. At the center of it, a keystone they say, will be networking – connected entertainment appliances.

Sony is planning to spend $16.7b (1.8 trillion Yen) over three years (through March 2011). The aim will be to become “the leading global provider of networking consumer electronics,” Stringer says. By the end of the process, 90% of Sony’s product categories will have networking and wireless capabilities.

Financially, Sony will look to return 10% on equity by 2011. They’ll also aim to keep operating profit margins upwards of 5% through fiscal 2010.

Host to a BluRay DVD player, hard drive storage and an onboard Internet connection in its present incarnation, the Playstation 3 console will feature prominently, even lead the way, in Sony’s initial push.

Later this summer, the company will officially launch an on-demand movie store that promises to stream on-demand feature films (and presumably shorter form content) to the console.

Come fall, Internet connected Bravia TVs will also feature connected services and streaming video reception. The plan, which hasn’t been described in detail, will eventually include phones, the PSP portable and other devices too.

Upgrades may be in the works as well. Last year, in August 2007, Sony showcased its ambition to be the hub in the wheel of connected entertainment with the release of a PS3 DVR accessory called Play TV. That Digital Video Recorder release was limited to the European market (presumably because of broadcast standards), but showcased some of the potential embedded in the gaming platform. Not only was it capable of playing BluRay DVDs, playing games, or providing over-internet download services, but with the Play TV unit, it was also capable of recording a TV show and then letting the viewer move it to their portable PSP for mobile viewing.

David Reeves, president of Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, made no secret of the company’s ambition when introducing the product. He said, "The PS3 already provides High Definition gaming, Blu-ray Disc movies, music, video, photo album, web browsing and Playstation Network support. With the introduction of PlayTV’s state of the art TV tuner and PVR functionality, PS3 is now the best choice of home entertainment hub for the whole family."

No matter how you characterize it, one thing is clear: Sony’s plan is to charge full ahead into the battle for control of the living room’s electronics. The gauntlet is thrown down. They’re willing to spend. Sony is not going to sit back and let Apple (AAPL), Microsoft (MSFT), TiVo (TIVO), Netflix (NFLX) or any of the hundreds of other companies that have thrown their hats in grab the prize without contest.

If Sony has any advantage, it may come from the fact that they are the sole entrant with internal business lines deeply entrenched in both the content and technology sides of the equation. Unlike competitors, Sony owns their own movie studios, they own a share of their own record label (50% of Sony BMG), and then there’s the electronics business.

On the other hand, all those units have created a complex, often competitive management structure that can struggle to work effectively across product lines and divisions. “Silos”, they’ve sometimes been called.

Because of the struggles to link groups internally and work together, Sony has been known to falter. Sony’s first efforts at MP3 players is a glaring case study example: In 1997, Sony aimed to take the original Walkman into the new world with a digital MP3 version. The MP3 market was still young and the opportunity, all rightly presumed, was going to be big. To capture it, together with IBM (IBM), Sony built a service for distributing the music. The mistake was that the system was closed. It was awkward to use and it required a customer stay within Sony’s proprietary boundaries.

Looking back on that failure from before his time, CEO Howard Stringer knowingly told CEO Exchange, “if we just let it open to the world, Apple wouldn’t have had a foothold.” Of course, that’s not what Sony did. Because of the mistake, Apple got far more than just a foothold, they got a path straight to the top. Insult to injury, years later, when Sony tried again with the Sony Connect Music Service, they largely perpetuated many of the same mistakes. Sony Connect failed too.

Howard Stringer has acknowledged more than once that Sony’s history of closed proprietary systems has caused troubles. He’s advocated management changes that allow more open dialogue between business groups and more transparent disclosure to customers. Above all, he’s been clear that success will require an end product that is both easy to use and easy to connect/integrate into the household.

Can Sony pull it off? Or will we again be saying, “Dear Howard, what about the customers?”

As covered in a past article on Metue that looked at PC-TV convergence, “The bridge connecting the PC to TV is still under construction. Existing services remain novelties. They’re fun for the early adopters, they give media writers something to rant about and Wall Street likes the forward thinking…but today, they remain far from capturing an audience on Main Street.”

Digital Rights Management (how to protect content), bandwidth, net neutrality issues, and industry accepted standards are just a few of the problems not yet fully solved.

Undaunted, Sony’s hoping they’ll be able to build the bridge; that the depth of their assets will make it possible.

Will Smith’s action movie “Hancock” will be the first movie offered through the download service. Bypassing traditional release windows, Sony Pictures will make it available on-demand through the PS3 ahead of the DVD release.

Further details on exactly how Sony’s future download store will operate will be reported once announced. For now, the plan remains a sketch.

Sunday, June 29, 2008

Reduce, Recycle, Reuse and Electronics

Computers, IPods, CDs, phones - these gadgets make our lives easier (and more annoying if you have to spend hours on the phone with tech support). In some ways, these gadgets also help us to live more green, through reducing our need for paper, maximizing efficiency in manufacturing and HR, etc. In other ways, our electronics have created a mess. This post is about what that mess is and how you can help to reduce it.
Electronics involve toxic materials in their manufacture - our old friends mercury, lead, and cadmium, to name a few - which leach out into the environment and into water supplies when disposed in landfills. The manufacturing process itself can emit air pollution, and of course, we can’t forget where these metals come from. Mining is an extremely environmentally-damaging activity, especially when done in countries who have little- to no- pollution controls or oversight. Take a look at Time’s 10 Most Polluted Cities in the World article here, 7 of which are Chinese, and it shows the devastation and pollution that irresponsible mining wreaks.
So what to do?
First, limit how many new electronics you get. Do you really need the hottest and latest new fad? The manufacture of new electronics is the most polluting part.
Second, if you can’t resist the newest iPhone, try to give away your old one, or recycle it for free at Best Buys nation-wide, Staples, the Philadelphia Zoo, etc. These companies will give your phone to someone who needs it, or if it can’t be used, they will break it down into recyclable parts, thus reducing the need to mine new materials. Computers can be recycled for free in some locations (check out the Environmental Protection Agency’s electronic waste recycling website for details). Dell will take back your old Dell computers for no cost, and Goodwill will accept donations of any brand of old computer at certain locations nation-wide. Electronics waste, such as batteries, CDs, floppies, etc., should also be reused or recycled. You can use CDs as coasters, or create some fun art.
Third, when you buy new electronics, research the company policies as to where they source materials and their energy efficiency. Buying the most energy efficient model will cut down on your energy costs and reduce waste and pollution.
In sum - don’t throw electronics waste in the garbage. It pollutes our groundwater and drinking water, and ends up in the environment. Recycle, donate or reuse. And when you buy new electronics, find a manufacturer whose ideals are the closest to yours (or mine :-).

Saturday, June 28, 2008

Circuit explanation for Battery charger

Circuit explanation for Battery charger


Rectifier circuit
Full wave rectifier circuit with a diode bridge is used for the rectifier circuit which changes AC into DC. Even if the alternating voltage of the input changes into the positive and the negative, the voltage which is applied to load is always positive by a diode bridge. The voltage which is applied to load is not clean DC. It is called Ripple voltage.
In this circuit, in order to make ripple voltage small, the capacitor is connected to load in parallel. Even if the voltage which comes out from a diode bridge becomes small, the DC voltage applied to the load is stabilized by discharge the electricity stored in the capacitor.
AC100V is dropped on AC24V with a transformer. In case of the alternating current, voltage is shown in RMS(Root Mean Squared value). If it changes into direct current voltage, it will become about DC30V.


Voltage control circuit
This is the circuit which controls maximum charge voltage, in order to prevent over charge of a battery.
For the control circuit, 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator (LM317) is used.
A left figure is the basic circuit of the regulator. The voltage between Vout and ADJ is fixed and is 1.25V as standard.
Control of output voltage is performed by the value of R2.
Output voltage (Vout) is calculable by the following formula.
Vout = 1.25 ( 1 + R2/R1) + IADJ(R2)
IADJ is current which flows from an Adj pin and it is several 10µA. Therefore, this can be disregarded.
In LM3xx, there is a condition to decide the resistance for voltage control. It's Load Regulation. The load current 10mA or more is required for normal operation of a device. Therefore, it is recommended to set the value of R1 to 120ohms or less.

R1 is set to 100 ohms in this circuit. R2 in the above explanation turns into VR1+R2 of a schematic.
In an actual circuit, R2 is 560 ohms and VR1 is 2k ohms.
In case VR1 is 0 ohms, the output voltage is as follows.
Vout = 1.25 ( 1 + 560/100 ) = 1.25 x 6.6 = 8.25V
In case VR1 is 2k ohms, the output voltage is as follows.
Vout = 1.25 ( 1 + 2,560/100 ) = 1.25 x 25.6 = 32V
Therefore, the output voltage of this circuit can be controlled from about 8V to 32V.
Because a current control circuit is inserted behind this circuit, the final output voltage of a charger declines by 2-3V.


Current control circuit
7805 is IC circuit for making voltage regularity. However this time, this IC is used as a circuit which makes current regularity.
The left figure is drawn in the style of voltage control in order to make an understanding easy.
Even if it changes input voltage, 7805 operates so that the voltage between an ground terminal (G) and an output terminal (O) may be set to 5V. If a resistor R3 is connected between O-G, the current which flows into R3 will be set to I = 5V/R3. Therefore, the current which flows into R3 becomes fixed.
Because the current which flows into R3 flows also into load, if the value of R3 does not change, the current which flows into load is fixed. Conversely, if R3 is changed, the current which flows into load is changeable.

This figure is the circuit used this time.
First, I decided the value of R3. In this charger, because the maximum current is set to 500mA, as R3, it is made 5V/0.5A = 10 ohms. When 500mA current flows into a 10 ohms resistor, the power consumption of a resistor is I2xR = 0.52A x 10ohm =2.5W. I am using the cement resistor of 5W in consideration of safety.
Next, I calculated the value of VR2. I assumed controlling in about at least 80mA. Therefore, R3+VR2 is 5V/0.08A = 62.5 ohms. R3 was 10 ohms, so the value of VR2 was set to 50 ohms. When 80mA current flows into 50 ohms, the power consumption of a resistor is 0.082 x 50 = 0.32W. I am using the variable resister of 2W in consideration of safety.
It is also possible to use LM317 for a current control circuit. However, there is a fault. In LM317, the voltage between O-G is 1.25V. In this case, the resistance for setting a current value to 500mA is 1.25V/0.5A = 2.5 ohms. It is 15.6 ohms for making it 80mA. Compared with 7805, it is a small value. Current control will become difficult if the error of resistance is taken into consideration.
Moreover, if a regulator with high output voltage is used, the power consumption of the resistor for control will increase more. For example, when the regulator for 12V is used, the resistance for making it 500mA current is 12V/0.5A = 24 ohms. And the electric power consumed by the resistor is 6W. For the above reason, I am using 7805 for current control.

R4 and C3 may not have necessity. In this circuit, the diode for preventing the reverse current from a battery is used. As for diode, ON state (state where current flows), and the OFF state (state where current does not flow) have clarified. If the voltage of a battery rises by charge and becomes higher than the voltage of a charger, current will not flow from a charger. Then the voltage of a battery falls by that cause and current begins to flow from a charger again. It will be oscillated if such a thing occurs for a short time. So, in order to suppress a rapid voltage change of a charger, I put C3. R4 is put in order to make C3 discharge. However, it seems that the voltage of a battery does not change so quickly in fact. Therefore, I think that it is satisfactory even if C3 and R4 do not use.

Output circuit

A voltmeter, an ammeter, and reverse current prevention diode are put as the output circuit of this charger.
Because some current flows also into a voltmeter, it should be put ahead an ammeter.
Reverse current prevention diode is for protecting that current flows backwards to a charger from a battery, when AC100V go out, where a charger is connected to a battery.

Door lock cancellation switch

Door lock cancellation switch


If you choose to quote any information found within the pages of this website, you do so at your own risk.
The author accepts absolutely no responsibility for any loss or damages
occurring from the use of the information contained by this website.


Be there the experience that locked the door while you put the key in the car?

Be there the experience that you had a hard time because you drop the key of the car?

To you who have done such an experience I think that this circuit is useful.



This is the circuit where can open the door of the car even if there be not a key.
The switch that cancels door lock is set up to the car.


The point where it considers is the attaching place of a switch.
    As it is not seen easily from the outside
    As it does not short-circuit, wrong action by rain etc.

In my case, it attached in the place where can operate by inserting the hand from under the front grill.
It is the place which even the rain does not hit directly, without being seen from the outside.
When the position of the switch is not understanding it can not to find.

There is case it gets wet by rain among the engine room. Then the waterproof type is being used for the switch.
In the case that you have dropped the key, the spare key is prepared into the car that is not attached to the public notice.

Condition of the car
    The car with electromotion lock

Material that prepares it
    Waterproof type switch
      You choose this switch after the attaching position is decided. There is possibility that the prepared switch isn't installed.
      The nonlock type is used. ( It is to avoid the cancel status continuously )

    Wiring material
      The big electric current doesn't flow. Therefore it is OK with thin wire. Yet, it needs to bear to the vibration or heat etc.

Circuit
    I think that the door lock cancellation switch is installed in the door of the driving seat.
    The wiring is done from there.
    It doesn't understand me about whether or not the door lock control relay is in the car. It depends on the kind of your car.
    Confirm the wiring of your car.




Attention point
Confirm the place where wiring is passed.
There is a place which becomes hot in the engine room. Avoid the wiring to the place which becomes hot.

Process of Communicating using Fiber-optics

The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal using a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, and receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal.

COMMUNICATION

communication is the process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood by both sender and receiver. It is a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods.

Communication happens at many levels (even for one single action), in many different ways, and for most beings, as well as certain machines. Several, if not all, fields of study dedicate a portion of attention to communication, so when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about what aspects of communication one is speaking about. Definitions of communication range widely, some recognizing that animals can communicate with each other as well as human beings, and some are more narrow, only including human beings within the parameters of human symbolic interaction.

Friday, June 27, 2008

Electronics

Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as semiconductors, capacitors,resistors,incubators, nano-structures and vaccum tubes